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The Macintosh, or Mac, is a series of several lines of personal computers, manufactured by Apple Inc. The first Macintosh was introduced on January 24, 1984, by Steve Jobs and it was the first commercially successful personal computer to feature two known, but still unpopular features—the mouse and the graphical user interface, rather than the command-line interface of its predecessors.

• Explore the world of Mac. Check out MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, iMac, Mac mini, and more. Visit the Apple site to learn, buy, and get support.
• From image editing and color adjustments like this, to adding cartoony captions or text to images, making transparencies, or performing batch resizing or even batch file type conversions, Preview is a gem of Mac OS X’s default app collection. Learn how to use it, and you just may find yourself rarely launching a more complex image editing app.
• FilmPack 5 is available for Mac OS and Windows and can function as a stand-alone application or a plug-in for Adobe’s Photoshop, Elements, and Lightroom, Apple’s Aperture, or DxO’s own OpticsPro. Who’s It For: Photographers who prefer black-and-white conversion as either a plug-in or stand-alone app.

Production of the Mac is based on a vertical integration model in that Apple facilitates all aspects of its hardware and creates its own operating system (called System Software, later renamed to Mac OS, see the lower image) that is pre-installed on all Mac computers. This is in contrast to most IBM PC compatibles, where multiple sellers create hardware intended to run another company’s operating software. Apple exclusively produces Mac hardware, choosing internal systems, designs, and prices. Apple also develops the operating system for the Mac. The modern Mac, like other personal computers, is capable of running alternative operating systems such as Linux, FreeBSD, and, in the case of Intel-based Macs, Microsoft Windows. However, Apple does not license Mac OS X for use on non-Apple computers.

The Beginning of Macintosh Computers

For Windows XP–10 and Mac OS X 10.6–macOS 11 Big Sur. Same license for both Mac and Windows. Download the trial for macOS or Windows (click below) Buy your license. Install and run the downloaded app. To run TransType on macOS for the first time, Ctrl+click, choose Open, then confirm. Activate the trial to get a fully-functional version.

The Macintosh project started in the late 1970s with Jef Raskin (1943–2005) (see the nearby image), an Apple employee, who envisioned an easy-to-use, low-cost computer for the average consumer. He wanted to name the computer after his favorite type of apple, the McIntosh, but the name had to be changed for legal reasons. In September 1979, Raskin was authorized by the management to start hiring for the project, and he began to look for an engineer who could put together a prototype. Bill Atkinson, a member of Apple’s Lisa team (which was developing a similar but higher-end computer), introduced him to Burrell Smith, a service technician who had been hired earlier that year. Over the years, Raskin assembled a large development team that designed and built the original Macintosh hardware and software; besides Raskin, Atkinson and Smith, the team included Chris Espinosa, Joanna Hoffman, George Crow, Bruce Horn, Jerry Manock, Susan Kare, Andy Hertzfeld, and Daniel Kottke.

Original Macintosh Specifications

The first Macintosh board, designed by Burrell Smith, had 64 kilobytes (KB) of RAM, used the Motorola 6809E microprocessor, and was capable of supporting a 256×256 pixel black-and-white bitmap display. Bud Tribble, a Macintosh programmer, was interested in running the Lisa’s graphical programs on the Macintosh, and asked Smith whether he could incorporate the Lisa’s Motorola 68000 microprocessor into the Mac while still keeping the production cost down. By December 1980, Smith had succeeded in designing a board that not only used the 68000, but bumped its speed from 5 to 8 megahertz (MHz); this board also had the capacity to support a 384×256 pixel display.

Smith’s design used fewer RAM chips than the Lisa, which made production of the board significantly more cost-efficient. The final Mac design was self-contained and had the complete QuickDraw picture language and interpreter in 64 Kb of ROM and 128 KB of RAM. Though there were no memory slots, its RAM was expandable to 512 KB by means of soldering sixteen chip sockets to accept 256 Kb RAM chips in place of the factory-installed chips. The final product’s screen was a 9-inch, 512×342 pixel monochrome display, exceeding the prototypes.

The Macintosh Catches Steve Jobs’ Attention

The design caught the attention of Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple. Realizing that the Macintosh was more marketable than the Lisa, he began to focus his attention on the project. Raskin finally left the Macintosh project in 1981 over a personality conflict with Jobs, and the final Macintosh design is said to be closer to Jobs’ ideas than Raskin’s. After hearing of the pioneering GUI technology being developed at Xerox PARC, Jobs had negotiated a visit to see the Xerox Alto computer and Smalltalk development tools in exchange for Apple stock options. The Lisa and Macintosh user interfaces were partially influenced by technology seen at Xerox PARC and were combined with the Macintosh group’s own ideas.

The Macintosh 128k (see the lower image) was announced to the press in October 1983 and was introduced in January 1984. It came bundled with two applications designed to show off its interface: MacWrite and MacPaint. Although the Mac garnered an immediate, enthusiastic following, some labeled it a mere “toy.” Because the machine was entirely designed around the GUI, existing text-mode and command-driven applications had to be redesigned and the programming code rewritten; this was a time consuming task that many software developers chose not to undertake, and resulted in an initial lack of software for the new system. In April 1984 Microsoft’s MultiPlan migrated over from MS-DOS, followed by Microsoft Word in January 1985. In 1985, Lotus Software introduced Lotus Jazz after the success of Lotus 1-2-3 for the IBM PC, although it was largely a flop. Apple introduced Macintosh Office the same year with the still-famous “lemmings” ad.

Apple Macintosh

Marketing the first Macintosh

For a special post-election edition of Newsweek in November 1984, Apple spent more than $2.5 million to buy all 39 of the advertising pages in the issue. Apple also ran a “Test Drive a Macintosh” promotion, in which potential buyers with a credit card could take home a Macintosh for 24 hours and return it to a dealer afterwards. While 200000 people participated, dealers disliked the promotion, the supply of computers was insufficient for demand, and many were returned in such a bad shape that they could no longer be sold. This marketing campaign caused CEO John Sculley to raise the price from $1995 to $2495.

In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple’s LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software’s MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics, it was an activity to become known as desktop publishing. Initially, desktop publishing was unique to the Macintosh, but eventually became available for IBM PC users as well. Later, applications such as Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, Adobe Photoshop, and Adobe Illustrator strengthened the Mac’s position as a graphics computer and helped to expand the emerging desktop publishing market.

The limitations of the first Mac soon became clear: it had very little memory, even compared with other personal computers in 1984, and could not be expanded easily; and it lacked a hard disk drive or the means to attach one easily. In October 1985, Apple increased the Mac’s memory to 512 KB, but it was inconvenient and difficult to expand the memory of a 128 KB Mac. In an attempt to improve connectivity, Apple released the Macintosh Plus on January 10, 1986 for $2600. It offered one megabyte of RAM, expandable to four, and a then-revolutionary SCSI parallel interface, allowing up to seven peripherals—such as hard drives and scanners—to be attached to the machine. Its floppy drive was increased to an 800 KB capacity. The Mac Plus was an immediate success and remained in production, unchanged, until October 15, 1990; on sale for just over four years and ten months, it was the longest-lived Macintosh in Apple’s history.

At its introduction, the Macintosh was targeted for two primary markets: knowledge-workers and students. Referring to the telephone as the first desktop appliance, Steve Jobs hoped that the Macintosh would become the second desktop appliance. As Bill Gates stated, To create a new standard takes something that’s not just a little bit different. It takes something that’s really new, and captures people’s imaginations. Macintosh meets that standard.

Through the second half of the 1980s, the company built market share only to see it dissipate in the 1990s as the personal computer market shifted towards IBM PC compatible machines running MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows.

More on the complete history of Apple

From Homestar Runner Wiki

Despite Strong Bad's preference for older computers, they are nevertheless capable of performing tasks that the real-life computers they are based on cannot. The Tandy 400, Compy 386 and Lappy 486 all run operating systems that are heavily based on DOS, and each computer's graphics capabilities are based on those of real-life monitor types. Mouse pointers have also appeared on these computers, when none have been shown to have a mouse or laptop pad, in the Lappy's case.

Monochrome Temple Mac Os X

[edit] Appearances

[edit] Irregular File Names

File names of actual MS-DOS computers have an eight-character limit, with certain characters that are disallowed (such as apostrophes and slashes). Some of Strong Bad's file names have these.

• Tandy 400 — 'strongbad's_email' (Contains an apostrophe)
• Compy 386, Lappy 486, Corpy NT6 and Lappier — 'strongbad_email.exe'
• homestar hair — 'temple_of_apshai'
• huttah! — 'take-a-break.exe'
• autobiography —
  • 'spellchecka.exe'
  • 'print_of_it.exe'
• big white face —
  • 'mr.smith' (Contains a period within the file name itself)
  • 'b/w' (Contains a slash)
• mascot — 'fightsong'
• privileges — 'medalliongoldplus.txt'
• date — 'hsramerdsxr.exe'
• couch patch —
  • 'print out million dollar bill.exe'
  • 'no for real, print me out a million dollar bill, man.exe' (Contains two commas)
  • 'um, this time really print me out a million dollars bill.nofoolin' (Contains a comma and an apostrophe)
  • 'make homestar's head explode.exe' (Contains an apostrophe)
  • 'print out million dollar bill, please.exe' (Contains a comma, this command works)
• other days — 'polish_email.exe'
• virus — 'Edgarware.exe'
• Biz Cas Fri 3 — 'catonfire_fallingfromanairplane.exe'
• technology — 'screen_savior.exe'
• retirement —
  • 'clncknmsfrmyslf.txt'
  • 'cldshplog.txt'
  • 'ltr2bkrythrftstr.txt'
• the movies — 'karatecar.exe'
• SBCG4AP Advertisement — 'strongbad3Dtotal.wad'
• being mean —
  • 'other_gems.exe'
  • 'more_other_gems.exe'
• April Fool 2014 — 'strongbad_eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee_windows98desktoptheme'

[edit] Irregular Graphics and Sound

[edit] Tandy 400

The Tandy has a monochrome green/orange display, yet multi-color graphics and photos have appeared on it. Its sound capabilities also surpass those of computers of its era.

• homestar hair —
  • The Tandy displays a Hairstyle Runner.
  • Temple of Apshai is in color.
• credit card — Strong Bad somehow uses a mouse on the Tandy. While real Tandy computers of the time did support the use of mice, they could not display a graphical mouse cursor on top of a text-based interface, let alone move it across the screen smoothly.
• sugarbob — The Tandy plays macOSsounds and displays full-color fonts.
• sisters — The Tandy plays the Windows 9x 'ding' sound.
• retirement — The Tandy highlights spelling and grammar errors in yellow, and again plays Mac OS 9 sounds.

[edit] Compy 386

The Compy has a monochrome white/blue display, yet multi-color graphics and photos have appeared on it. While it has been shown to be capable of playing musical notes in the form of scratchy tones (its start-up/error sound, Crazy Go Nuts Universityfight song rendition and (possibly) The Cheat is Not Dead music), sounds from more modern computers have been heard from it.

• ghosts — The Tandy-rendered Bad Graphics Ghost appears on the Compy, though this is likely caused by the Tandy's ghost.
• website — The Compy plays a Flash file and several animated GIFs, and displays two full-quality photos.
• marzipan — The Message Thyme pop-ups are in Windows style, and has vocalized instant messager-like sounds accompanying them.
• interview and pizzaz — The Compy displays a Gothic font.
• autobiography — The Compy plays the Windows 9x 'ding' sound.
• big white face —
  • The Compy displays color (but heavily pixelated) images of Marzipan, Bubs, Homestar Runner, Strong Mad, The Cheat and The Poopsmith.
  • In addition, a Macintosh 128K-like operating system is displayed, which could just be an image.
• couch patch — The Compy plays a Mac OS 9 sound after Strong Bad's first three attempts to print a million dollar bill.
• flashback — The Compy shows the email from some kinda robot in the Tandy's font and green color.
• lunch special —
  • The Compy once again plays the 'ding' sound.
  • Strong Bad clicks on the attachment in an email Strong Mad sent him, despite the Compy not having a mouse.
  • Additionally, a Microsoft Paint drawing is displayed.
• virus —
  • The Compy plays the 'ding' sound.
  • The Compy gets many more viruses than could possibly fit on a computer of its kind.
• April Fool 2014 — After inexplicably reappearing, the Compy runs Windows 98, plays a sound clip of Strong Bad's voice, and has a microphone extend to the front of his face, which he uses to record a new startup sound for his desktop theme.

[edit] Lappy 486

In addition to running a DOS-like operating system, further technical specifications for this computer were listed in animal:

• 2 MB hard drive
• 512 KB RAM
• 5 minute battery life
• 'Several' color monitor

While these specifications are greater than Strong Bad's earlier computers, they have occasionally been challenged as well.

• death metal — The Lappy runs a full-color video chat with Larry Palaroncini on a webcam that it doesn't seem to have.
• retirement — Strong Bad says he has 'a lot of important text files on that 5 Meg hard drive' when it was previously stated that the Lappy's hard drive holds two megabytes. It is possible Strong Bad since upgraded it.
• from work — In this Lappy 486-era email, the Corpy NT6 (which is also DOS-based) displays a full-quality spreadsheet.

[edit]See Also

Monochrome Temple Mac Os 11

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